文章目录
- Annotation注解 Annotation的作用:不是程序本身,可以对程序做出解释。可以被其他程序(比如 编译器等)读取 annotation的格式: 注解是以 ”@注释名“ 再代码中存在的,还可以添加一写参数值,例如@SupperWarnings(value = "unchecked") Annotation在哪可以使用? 可以在package,class,method,field等上面,相当于给他们添加额外的辅助信息,我们可以通过反射机制编程实现对这些元数据的访问
- @Override 重写 @Deprecated 不鼓励使用,但是可以使用 @SuppreWarning 警告
- 元注解的作用是负责注解其他注解 @Target @Retention @Documented @ Inherited package opp2;import java.lang.annotation.*;public class demo01 { public void test(){ }}//定义一个注解//Target 表示我们的注解可以用在上面地方@Target(value = {ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})//Retention 表示我们的注解在上面地方有效//RUNTIME >CLASS >SOURCES@Retention(value = RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)//Documented 表示释放将我们的注解生成在JavaDoc中@Documented//Inherited 子类可以继承父类的注解@Inherited@interface MyAnnotation{}
- 使用@interface 自定义注解时,自动继承import java.lang.annotation.Annotation接口 @interface用来声明一个注解,格式: public @interface 注解名{定义内容} 其中的每一个方法实际上声明的是一个配置函数 方法的名称就是参数的名称 返回值类型就是参数的类型(返回值只能是基本类型,class,string,enum) 可以通过default来声明参数默认值 如果只有一个参数成员,一般参数名为value 注解元素必须要有值,我们定义注解元素时,经常使用空字符串,0作为默认值 package opp2;import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;import java.lang.annotation.Retention;import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;import java.lang.annotation.Target;public class demo02 { //注解可以显示赋值,如果没有赋值就必须赋值 @MyAnnotation2(name = "钟离") public void test(){} @MyAnnotation3("") public void test2(){}}@Target(value = {ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})@Retention(value = RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)@interface MyAnnotation2{ //直接的参数:参数类型 +参数名() String name(); String color() default ""; int age() default 0; int id() default -1; String[] schools() default {""};}@Target(value = {ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})@Retention(value = RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)@interface MyAnnotation3{ String value();}
- java.Reflection
时Java被视为动态语言的关键,反射机制允许程序在执行期借助Reflection api获得任何类的信息,并能直接操作任意对象的内部属性及方法。
- getClass() package opp2;/** * 什么是反射 */public class demo03 { public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException { Class<?> c1 = Class.forName("opp2.User"); Class<?> c2 = Class.forName("opp2.User"); Class<?> c3 = Class.forName("opp2.User"); System.out.println(c1); //一个类在内存中只有一个class对象 //一个类被加载后,类的整个过程都会被封装在Class对象中 System.out.println(c1.hashCode()); System.out.println(c2.hashCode()); System.out.println(c3.hashCode()); }}//实体类class User{ private String name; private int id; private int age; public User(){ } public User(String name, int id, int age) { this.name = name; this.id = id; this.age = age; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } @Override public String toString() { return "User{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + ", id=" + id + ", age=" + age + '}'; }}
- package opp2;public class demo04 { public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException { Person person = new student(); System.out.println(person.name); //方式一 :通过对象获得 Class c1 = person.getClass(); System.out.println(c1.hashCode()); //方法二:forName 获得 Class c2 = Class.forName("opp2.student"); System.out.println(c2.hashCode()); //方法三: 类名.class获得 Class c3 = student.class; System.out.println(c3.hashCode()); //方法四 基本内置类型的包装类都有一个Type属性 Class c4 = Integer.TYPE; System.out.println(c4); //方法五:获得父类类型 Class c5 = c1.getSuperclass(); System.out.println(c5); }}class Person{ String name; public Person(){} public Person(String name) { this.name = name; } @Override public String toString() { return "Person{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + '}'; }}class student extends Person{ public student(){ this.name = "学生"; }}class teacher extends Person{ public teacher(String name) { this.name = "老师"; }}
- class:外部类、成员(内部成员、外部成员),局部内部类,匿名内部类 interface:接口 [] :数组 enum:枚举 annotation:注解@interface primitive type:基本数据类型 void package opp2;import javax.xml.bind.Element;public class demo { public static void main(String[] args) { Class c1 = Object.class; //类 Class c2 = Comparable.class; //接口 Class c3 = String[].class; //一维数组 Class c4 = int[][].class; //二维数组 Class c5 = Override.class; //注解 Class c6 = Element.class; //枚举 Class c7 = Integer.class; //基本数据类型 Class c8 = void.class; //void Class c9 = Class.class; //Class System.out.println(c1); System.out.println(c2); System.out.println(c3); System.out.println(c4); System.out.println(c5); System.out.println(c6); System.out.println(c7); System.out.println(c8); System.out.println(c9); int[] a = new int[10]; int[] b = new int[100]; System.out.println(a.getClass().hashCode()); System.out.println(b.getClass().hashCode()); //只要元素类型与维度一样,就是同一个class }}
- 加载------>链接---->初始化 package opp2;public class demo06 { public static void main(String[] args) { A a = new A(); System.out.println(a.m); /** * 1.【加载】到内存,会产生一个类对应的Class对象 * 2.【链接】,链接后, m = 0 * 3.【初始化】: * <clint>(){ * system.out.println("A类的静态代码块初始化"); * m = 300; * m = 100; * } */ }}class A{ static { System.out.println("A类的静态代码块"); m = 300; } /** * m = 300 * ↓ * m = 100 */ static int m = 100; public A(){ System.out.println("A类的无参构造初始化"); }}
- 类的主动引用(一定会发生初始化) 类的被动引用(不会发生类的初始化) package opp2;public class demo07 { static { System.out.println("main类被加载"); } public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException { //1. 主动引用 S s = new S(); //反射也会主动引用 Class.forName("opp.demo07.S"); //2. 不会产生类的引用 System.out.println(S.b); //静态域 访问 S[] array = new S[5]; //数组访问 System.out.println(S.M); //访问常量 }}class F{ static int b = 2; static { System.out.println("父类被加载"); }}class S extends F{ static { System.out.println("子类被加载"); m = 300; } static int m = 100; static final int M = 1; //常量}
- package opp2;public class demo08 { public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException { //获取系统类的加载器 ClassLoader systemClassLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader(); System.out.println(systemClassLoader); //获取系统类加载器的父类加载器->扩展加载器 ClassLoader parent = systemClassLoader.getParent(); System.out.println(parent); //获取扩展类的父类加载器--->根加载器(c/c++ ,java无法获取,显示为 null) ClassLoader parent1 = parent.getParent(); System.out.println(parent1); //null //测试当前类是哪个加载器加载的 ClassLoader aClass = Class.forName("opp2.demo08").getClassLoader(); System.out.println(aClass); //测试JDK aClass = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getClassLoader(); System.out.println(aClass); //null //如何让获得系统类加载器可以加载的路径 System.out.println(System.getProperty("java.class.path")); }}
- 通过反射获取运行时类的完整结构 Field、Method、Constructor、Superclass、Interface、Annotation package opp2;import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;import java.lang.reflect.Field;import java.lang.reflect.Method;public class demo09 { public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException, NoSuchMethodException { Class<?> c1 = Class.forName("opp2.User"); User user = new User(); //c1 = user.getClass(); //获得类的名字 System.out.println(c1.getName()); System.out.println(c1.getSimpleName()); //获得类的属性 Field[] field = c1.getFields(); //只能找到public属性// for (Field field1 : field){// System.out.println(field1);// }// field = c1.getDeclaredFields(); for (Field fields : field){ //找到全部属性 System.out.println(fields); } Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");//获得指定属性的值 System.out.println(name); //获得类的方法 System.out.println("====================================================="); Method[] methods = c1.getMethods(); //获取本类及父类的全部public方法 for (Method method :methods){ System.out.println(method); } methods = c1.getDeclaredMethods(); //获取本类的所有方法 System.out.println("============================"); for (Method method:methods){ System.out.println("getDeclaredMethods " + method ); } //获得指定方法 System.out.println("======================="); Method getName = c1.getMethod("getName",null); Method setName = c1.getMethod("setName",String.class); System.out.println(getName); System.out.println(setName); //获得构造器 System.out.println("======================"); Constructor[] constructors = c1.getConstructors(); for (Constructor constructor:constructors){ System.out.println(constructor); } constructors = c1.getDeclaredConstructors(); for (Constructor constructor: constructors){ System.out.println("getDeclaredConstructors" + constructor); } //获得指定构造器 Constructor<?> declaredConstructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class); System.out.println("指定" + declaredConstructor); }}
- 能做啥? 步骤: 通过Class类的getDeclaredConstructor(Class ... parameterType)获取本类的指定形参类型的构造器 向构造器的行参中传递一个对象素组进去,里面包含了构造器中所需的各个参数 通过Constructor实例化对象 package opp2;import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;import java.lang.reflect.Field;import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;import java.lang.reflect.Method;public class demo10 { public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchFieldException { //获得对象 Class<?> c1 = Class.forName("opp2.User"); //构造对象 User user = (User)c1.newInstance(); //本质是构造了无参构造器 System.out.println(user); //通过构造器创建对象 Constructor<?> declaredConstructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class); User user1 = (User) declaredConstructor.newInstance("摩拉克斯",001,18); System.out.println(user1); //通过反射调用普通方法 User user2 =(User) c1.newInstance(); //通过反射获取一个方法 Method setName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("setName", String.class); //invoke:激活 //(对象,方法的值) setName.invoke(user2,"巴巴托斯"); System.out.println(user2.getName()); //通过反射操作属性 User user3 = (User) c1.newInstance(); Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name"); name.setAccessible(true); //关闭安全检测。因为原来的的属性是private,不能直接访问,所以需要关闭安全检测 name.set(user3,"巴尔泽布"); System.out.println(user3.getName()); }}
- setAccessible:启动和禁用访问安全检查的开关。参数值为true则指反射的对象在使用时应该取消java语言访问检查 提高反射效率。如果代码中必须使用反射,而该句代码需要频发的被调用,那么请设置为true 使得原本无法访问的私有成员也可以访问 参数值为false则指反射的对象在使用时对java语言进行访问检查 package opp2;import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;import java.lang.reflect.Method;public class demo11 { public static void test1(){ User user = new User(); long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); for (int i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++) { user.getName(); } long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("普通方法执行10亿次 " + (endTime-startTime)+"ms"); } public static void test2() throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException { User user = new User(); Class c1 = user.getClass(); Method getName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("getName", null); long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); for (int i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++) { getName.invoke(user,null); } long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("映射方法执行10亿次 " + (endTime-startTime) +"ms"); } public static void test3() throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException { User user = new User(); Class c1 = user.getClass(); Method getName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("getName", null); getName.setAccessible(true); long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); for (int i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++) { getName.invoke(user,null); } long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("普通方法执行10亿次 " + (endTime-startTime)+"ms"); } public static void main(String[] args) throws InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException { test1(); test2(); test3(); }}
- Java采用泛型擦除的机制来引入泛型,Java中的泛型仅仅是给编辑器javac使用的,确保数据的安全性和免去强制类型转换问题,但是,一旦编译完成,所有和泛型有关的类型全部擦除 为了通过反射操作这些类型,Java新增了ParameterizedType,GenericArrayType,TypeVariable和WindcardType几种类型来代表不能被归一到Class类中的类型但是又和原始类型齐名的类型 ParameterizedType:表示一种参数化类型,不如Collection GenericArrayType:表示一种元素类型是参数化类型或者类型变量的数组类型 TypeVariable:是各种类型变量的公共父接口 WindcardType:代表一种通配符类型的公示 package opp2;import java.lang.reflect.Method;import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;import java.lang.reflect.Type;import java.util.List;import java.util.Map;/** * 通过反射回去泛型 */public class demo12 { public void test(Map<String,User> map, List<User>list){ System.out.println("test01"); } public Map<String,User> test02(){ System.out.println("test02"); return null; } public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException { Method method = demo12.class.getMethod("test", Map.class, List.class); Type[] genericParameterTypes = method.getGenericParameterTypes(); for (Type ge : genericParameterTypes){ System.out.println("#" + ge); if (ge instanceof ParameterizedType){ Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) ge).getActualTypeArguments(); for (Type act : actualTypeArguments){ System.out.println(act); } } } method = demo12.class.getMethod("test02", null); Type genericParameterType = method.getGenericReturnType(); if (genericParameterType instanceof ParameterizedType){ Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericParameterType).getActualTypeArguments(); for (Type act : actualTypeArguments){ System.out.println(act); } } }}
- ORM 对象关系映射 package opp2;import java.lang.annotation.*;import java.lang.reflect.Field;/** * 练习反射操作注解 */public class demo13 { public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException { Class<?> c1 = Class.forName("opp2.Student2"); Annotation[] annotation = c1.getAnnotations(); //通过反射获得注解 for (Annotation annotation1:annotation){ System.out.println(annotation1); } //获得注解的value值 TableM tableM = c1.getAnnotation(TableM.class); String value = tableM.value(); System.out.println(value); //获得类指定的注解// Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name"); Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("id"); Fk annotation1 = name.getAnnotation(Fk.class); System.out.println(annotation1.columnName()); System.out.println(annotation1.Type()); System.out.println(annotation1.length()); }}@TableM("db_student")class Student2{ @Fk(columnName = "db_id",Type = "int", length = 10) private int id; @Fk(columnName = "db_age",Type = "int", length = 10) private int age; @Fk(columnName = "db_name", Type = "varchar", length = 3) private String name; public Student2(){ } public Student2(int id, int age, String name) { this.id = id; this.age = age; this.name = name; } public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } @Override public String toString() { return "Student2{" + "id=" + id + ", age=" + age + ", name='" + name + '\'' + '}'; }}//类名的注解@Target(ElementType.TYPE)@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)@interface TableM{ String value();}//属性的注解@Target(ElementType.FIELD)@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)@interface Fk{ String columnName(); String Type(); int length();}
Annotation注解
Annotation的作用:不是程序本身,可以对程序做出解释。可以被其他程序(比如 编译器等)读取
annotation的格式: 注解是以 ”@注释名“ 再代码中存在的,还可以添加一写参数值,例如@SupperWarnings(value = "unchecked")
Annotation在哪可以使用? 可以在package,class,method,field等上面,相当于给他们添加额外的辅助信息,我们可以通过反射机制编程实现对这些元数据的访问
@Override 重写
@Deprecated 不鼓励使用,但是可以使用
@SuppreWarning 警告
元注解的作用是负责注解其他注解
@Target
@Retention
@Documented
@ Inherited
package opp2;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
public class demo01 {
public void test(){
}
}
//定义一个注解
//Target 表示我们的注解可以用在上面地方
@Target(value = {ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
//Retention 表示我们的注解在上面地方有效
//RUNTIME >CLASS >SOURCES
@Retention(value = RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
//Documented 表示释放将我们的注解生成在JavaDoc中
@Documented
//Inherited 子类可以继承父类的注解
@Inherited
@interface MyAnnotation{
}
使用@interface 自定义注解时,自动继承import java.lang.annotation.Annotation接口
- @interface用来声明一个注解,格式: public @interface 注解名{定义内容}
- 其中的每一个方法实际上声明的是一个配置函数
- 方法的名称就是参数的名称
- 返回值类型就是参数的类型(返回值只能是基本类型,class,string,enum)
- 可以通过default来声明参数默认值
- 如果只有一个参数成员,一般参数名为value
- 注解元素必须要有值,我们定义注解元素时,经常使用空字符串,0作为默认值
package opp2;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
public class demo02 {
//注解可以显示赋值,如果没有赋值就必须赋值
@MyAnnotation2(name = "钟离")
public void test(){}
@MyAnnotation3("")
public void test2(){}
}
@Target(value = {ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(value = RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface MyAnnotation2{
//直接的参数:参数类型 +参数名()
String name();
String color() default "";
int age() default 0;
int id() default -1;
String[] schools() default {""};
}
@Target(value = {ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(value = RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface MyAnnotation3{
String value();
}
java.Reflection
时Java被视为动态语言的关键,反射机制允许程序在执行期借助Reflection api获得任何类的信息,并能直接操作任意对象的内部属性及方法。
getClass()
package opp2;
/**
* 什么是反射
*/
public class demo03 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
Class<?> c1 = Class.forName("opp2.User");
Class<?> c2 = Class.forName("opp2.User");
Class<?> c3 = Class.forName("opp2.User");
System.out.println(c1);
//一个类在内存中只有一个class对象
//一个类被加载后,类的整个过程都会被封装在Class对象中
System.out.println(c1.hashCode());
System.out.println(c2.hashCode());
System.out.println(c3.hashCode());
}
}
//实体类
class User{
private String name;
private int id;
private int age;
public User(){
}
public User(String name, int id, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.id = id;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", id=" + id +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
package opp2;
public class demo04 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
Person person = new student();
System.out.println(person.name);
//方式一 :通过对象获得
Class c1 = person.getClass();
System.out.println(c1.hashCode());
//方法二:forName 获得
Class c2 = Class.forName("opp2.student");
System.out.println(c2.hashCode());
//方法三: 类名.class获得
Class c3 = student.class;
System.out.println(c3.hashCode());
//方法四 基本内置类型的包装类都有一个Type属性
Class c4 = Integer.TYPE;
System.out.println(c4);
//方法五:获得父类类型
Class c5 = c1.getSuperclass();
System.out.println(c5);
}
}
class Person{
String name;
public Person(){}
public Person(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
class student extends Person{
public student(){
this.name = "学生";
}
}
class teacher extends Person{
public teacher(String name) {
this.name = "老师";
}
}
class:外部类、成员(内部成员、外部成员),局部内部类,匿名内部类
interface:接口
[] :数组
enum:枚举
annotation:注解@interface
primitive type:基本数据类型
void
package opp2;
import javax.xml.bind.Element;
public class demo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class c1 = Object.class; //类
Class c2 = Comparable.class; //接口
Class c3 = String[].class; //一维数组
Class c4 = int[][].class; //二维数组
Class c5 = Override.class; //注解
Class c6 = Element.class; //枚举
Class c7 = Integer.class; //基本数据类型
Class c8 = void.class; //void
Class c9 = Class.class; //Class
System.out.println(c1);
System.out.println(c2);
System.out.println(c3);
System.out.println(c4);
System.out.println(c5);
System.out.println(c6);
System.out.println(c7);
System.out.println(c8);
System.out.println(c9);
int[] a = new int[10];
int[] b = new int[100];
System.out.println(a.getClass().hashCode());
System.out.println(b.getClass().hashCode()); //只要元素类型与维度一样,就是同一个class
}
}
加载------>链接---->初始化
package opp2;
public class demo06 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a = new A();
System.out.println(a.m);
/**
* 1.【加载】到内存,会产生一个类对应的Class对象
* 2.【链接】,链接后, m = 0
* 3.【初始化】:
* <clint>(){
* system.out.println("A类的静态代码块初始化");
* m = 300;
* m = 100;
* }
*/
}
}
class A{
static {
System.out.println("A类的静态代码块");
m = 300;
}
/**
* m = 300
* ↓
* m = 100
*/
static int m = 100;
public A(){
System.out.println("A类的无参构造初始化");
}
}
- 类的主动引用(一定会发生初始化)
- 类的被动引用(不会发生类的初始化)
package opp2;
public class demo07 {
static {
System.out.println("main类被加载");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
//1. 主动引用
S s = new S();
//反射也会主动引用
Class.forName("opp.demo07.S");
//2. 不会产生类的引用
System.out.println(S.b); //静态域 访问
S[] array = new S[5]; //数组访问
System.out.println(S.M); //访问常量
}
}
class F{
static int b = 2;
static {
System.out.println("父类被加载");
}
}
class S extends F{
static {
System.out.println("子类被加载");
m = 300;
}
static int m = 100;
static final int M = 1; //常量
}
public class demo07 {
static {
System.out.println("main类被加载");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
//1. 主动引用
S s = new S();
//反射也会主动引用
Class.forName("opp.demo07.S");
//2. 不会产生类的引用
System.out.println(S.b); //静态域 访问
S[] array = new S[5]; //数组访问
System.out.println(S.M); //访问常量
}
}
class F{
static int b = 2;
static {
System.out.println("父类被加载");
}
}
class S extends F{
static {
System.out.println("子类被加载");
m = 300;
}
static int m = 100;
static final int M = 1; //常量
}
package opp2;
public class demo08 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
//获取系统类的加载器
ClassLoader systemClassLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
System.out.println(systemClassLoader);
//获取系统类加载器的父类加载器->扩展加载器
ClassLoader parent = systemClassLoader.getParent();
System.out.println(parent);
//获取扩展类的父类加载器--->根加载器(c/c++ ,java无法获取,显示为 null)
ClassLoader parent1 = parent.getParent();
System.out.println(parent1); //null
//测试当前类是哪个加载器加载的
ClassLoader aClass = Class.forName("opp2.demo08").getClassLoader();
System.out.println(aClass);
//测试JDK
aClass = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getClassLoader();
System.out.println(aClass); //null
//如何让获得系统类加载器可以加载的路径
System.out.println(System.getProperty("java.class.path"));
}
}
通过反射获取运行时类的完整结构
Field、Method、Constructor、Superclass、Interface、Annotation
package opp2;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class demo09 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException, NoSuchMethodException {
Class<?> c1 = Class.forName("opp2.User");
User user = new User();
//c1 = user.getClass();
//获得类的名字
System.out.println(c1.getName());
System.out.println(c1.getSimpleName());
//获得类的属性
Field[] field = c1.getFields(); //只能找到public属性
// for (Field field1 : field){
// System.out.println(field1);
// }
//
field = c1.getDeclaredFields();
for (Field fields : field){ //找到全部属性
System.out.println(fields);
}
Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");//获得指定属性的值
System.out.println(name);
//获得类的方法
System.out.println("=====================================================");
Method[] methods = c1.getMethods(); //获取本类及父类的全部public方法
for (Method method :methods){
System.out.println(method);
}
methods = c1.getDeclaredMethods(); //获取本类的所有方法
System.out.println("============================");
for (Method method:methods){
System.out.println("getDeclaredMethods " + method );
}
//获得指定方法
System.out.println("=======================");
Method getName = c1.getMethod("getName",null);
Method setName = c1.getMethod("setName",String.class);
System.out.println(getName);
System.out.println(setName);
//获得构造器
System.out.println("======================");
Constructor[] constructors = c1.getConstructors();
for (Constructor constructor:constructors){
System.out.println(constructor);
}
constructors = c1.getDeclaredConstructors();
for (Constructor constructor: constructors){
System.out.println("getDeclaredConstructors" + constructor);
}
//获得指定构造器
Constructor<?> declaredConstructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class);
System.out.println("指定" + declaredConstructor);
}
}
能做啥?
步骤:
- 通过Class类的getDeclaredConstructor(Class ... parameterType)获取本类的指定形参类型的构造器
- 向构造器的行参中传递一个对象素组进去,里面包含了构造器中所需的各个参数
- 通过Constructor实例化对象
package opp2;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class demo10 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchFieldException {
//获得对象
Class<?> c1 = Class.forName("opp2.User");
//构造对象
User user = (User)c1.newInstance(); //本质是构造了无参构造器
System.out.println(user);
//通过构造器创建对象
Constructor<?> declaredConstructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class);
User user1 = (User) declaredConstructor.newInstance("摩拉克斯",001,18);
System.out.println(user1);
//通过反射调用普通方法
User user2 =(User) c1.newInstance();
//通过反射获取一个方法
Method setName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("setName", String.class);
//invoke:激活
//(对象,方法的值)
setName.invoke(user2,"巴巴托斯");
System.out.println(user2.getName());
//通过反射操作属性
User user3 = (User) c1.newInstance();
Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
name.setAccessible(true); //关闭安全检测。因为原来的的属性是private,不能直接访问,所以需要关闭安全检测
name.set(user3,"巴尔泽布");
System.out.println(user3.getName());
}
}
setAccessible:启动和禁用访问安全检查的开关。参数值为true则指反射的对象在使用时应该取消java语言访问检查
- 提高反射效率。如果代码中必须使用反射,而该句代码需要频发的被调用,那么请设置为true
- 使得原本无法访问的私有成员也可以访问
参数值为false则指反射的对象在使用时对java语言进行访问检查
package opp2;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class demo11 {
public static void test1(){
User user = new User();
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++) {
user.getName();
}
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("普通方法执行10亿次 " + (endTime-startTime)+"ms");
}
public static void test2() throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
User user = new User();
Class c1 = user.getClass();
Method getName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("getName", null);
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++) {
getName.invoke(user,null);
}
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("映射方法执行10亿次 " + (endTime-startTime) +"ms");
}
public static void test3() throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
User user = new User();
Class c1 = user.getClass();
Method getName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("getName", null);
getName.setAccessible(true);
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000000; i++) {
getName.invoke(user,null);
}
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("普通方法执行10亿次 " + (endTime-startTime)+"ms");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException {
test1();
test2();
test3();
}
}
Java采用泛型擦除的机制来引入泛型,Java中的泛型仅仅是给编辑器javac使用的,确保数据的安全性和免去强制类型转换问题,但是,一旦编译完成,所有和泛型有关的类型全部擦除
为了通过反射操作这些类型,Java新增了ParameterizedType,GenericArrayType,TypeVariable和WindcardType几种类型来代表不能被归一到Class类中的类型但是又和原始类型齐名的类型
- ParameterizedType:表示一种参数化类型,不如Collection
- GenericArrayType:表示一种元素类型是参数化类型或者类型变量的数组类型
- TypeVariable:是各种类型变量的公共父接口
- WindcardType:代表一种通配符类型的公示
package opp2;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* 通过反射回去泛型
*/
public class demo12 {
public void test(Map<String,User> map, List<User>list){
System.out.println("test01");
}
public Map<String,User> test02(){
System.out.println("test02");
return null;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException {
Method method = demo12.class.getMethod("test", Map.class, List.class);
Type[] genericParameterTypes = method.getGenericParameterTypes();
for (Type ge : genericParameterTypes){
System.out.println("#" + ge);
if (ge instanceof ParameterizedType){
Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) ge).getActualTypeArguments();
for (Type act : actualTypeArguments){
System.out.println(act);
}
}
}
method = demo12.class.getMethod("test02", null);
Type genericParameterType = method.getGenericReturnType();
if (genericParameterType instanceof ParameterizedType){
Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericParameterType).getActualTypeArguments();
for (Type act : actualTypeArguments){
System.out.println(act);
}
}
}
}
ORM 对象关系映射
package opp2;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
/**
* 练习反射操作注解
*/
public class demo13 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException {
Class<?> c1 = Class.forName("opp2.Student2");
Annotation[] annotation = c1.getAnnotations();
//通过反射获得注解
for (Annotation annotation1:annotation){
System.out.println(annotation1);
}
//获得注解的value值
TableM tableM = c1.getAnnotation(TableM.class);
String value = tableM.value();
System.out.println(value);
//获得类指定的注解
// Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("id");
Fk annotation1 = name.getAnnotation(Fk.class);
System.out.println(annotation1.columnName());
System.out.println(annotation1.Type());
System.out.println(annotation1.length());
}
}
@TableM("db_student")
class Student2{
@Fk(columnName = "db_id",Type = "int", length = 10)
private int id;
@Fk(columnName = "db_age",Type = "int", length = 10)
private int age;
@Fk(columnName = "db_name", Type = "varchar", length = 3)
private String name;
public Student2(){
}
public Student2(int id, int age, String name) {
this.id = id;
this.age = age;
this.name = name;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student2{" +
"id=" + id +
", age=" + age +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
//类名的注解
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface TableM{
String value();
}
//属性的注解
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface Fk{
String columnName();
String Type();
int length();
}

